Energi Terbarukan dan Kebijakan Hijau: Strategi Ekonomi Untuk Mengurangi Emisi di Indonesia
Keywords:
Emisi CO₂, Energi Terbarukan, Kebijakan Hijau, Green Finance, Strategi EkonomiAbstract
Abstrak
Transisi energi Indonesia semakin mendesak seiring meningkatnya emisi karbon dioksida (CO₂) akibat dominasi bahan bakar fosil, khususnya batu bara, dalam sistem energi nasional. Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan konsumsi energi fosil berkontribusi signifikan terhadap peningkatan emisi, sementara pemanfaatan energi terbarukan masih rendah karena hambatan teknis, regulatif, dan ekonomi. Indonesia memiliki potensi energi terbarukan besar, meliputi surya, angin, hidropower, panas bumi, bioenergi, dan energi laut, namun realisasinya terhambat tarif kurang kompetitif, perizinan panjang, serta keterbatasan jaringan listrik. Pemerintah telah menerapkan kebijakan hijau seperti feed-in tariff, power purchase agreement (PPA), green finance, dan pajak karbon, tetapi efektivitasnya masih terbatas akibat kesenjangan implementasi dan lemahnya tata kelola. Artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui studi literatur jurnal ilmiah dan laporan kebijakan sepuluh tahun terakhir. Hasil kajian menunjukkan keberhasilan transisi energi ditentukan konsistensi regulasi, kepastian investasi, dan dukungan infrastruktur. Integrasi kebijakan hijau, strategi ekonomi, dan inovasi teknologi menjadi kunci menurunkan emisi menuju zero emissions tahun 2060.
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